Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is one of the fragile fractures often occurring in the elderly. Vertebroplasty has become the most important treatment for OVCF because of its safety, effectiveness and minimal invasiveness, and it has been employed clinically and accepted by most patients. Bone cement is injected in the fractured vertebral bodies, and its characteristics are great of importance for the pain relief. This paper reviewed four characteristics that related research has focused over the last years, namely the injected volume, dispersion, distribution patterns, and cement viscosity.