We reported an elderly female (76 years old) accompanied with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent the implantation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) in our department. No peri-operative anticoagulation was given to her in consideration of risk for hemorrhage. The patient was found to have fever and abdominal pain at the 7th day after surgery, and then right renal infarction was confirmed after diagnosis. Then the patient was given standard anticoagulant therapy. In present, it is a controversial issue on the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation strategy during perioperation of implantation of cardiac rhythm device (CRD). Renal infarction due to AF is relatively rare and the atypical clinical manifestations make early diagnosis for this patient more difficult. The revelation of this case includes: for patients with AF and high risk of stroke, anticoagulation therapy is necessary, but the strategy of anticoagulation remains controversial; for patients with AF and moderate risk of stroke, acute embolic infarction of abdominal organs should be taken into account when acute abdominal symptoms occur without anticoagulation.