Osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis are both multifactorial, degenerative diseases that accompany aging. Many studies have suggested associations between osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis. In recent years, there are many studies investigating the common pathogenetic pathways of osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis. The meaning of bone-vascular axis is the associations between osteoporosis and vascular calcification. The hot research topics include RANK/RANKL/OPG system, oxidized lipids, fibroblast growth factor-23/Klotho axis, fetuin-A, and circulating calcifying cells. In this paper, we summarized the above pathogentic pathways.