Hypertension, a major public health problem, is an independent risk factor for heart failure and end stage renal disease. Chronic kidney disease, also a global health problem, brings huge economic burden to society because of its high morbidity and mortality. A large number of studies have indicated that hypertension is the cause, as well as a consequence of kidney disease. Microalbuminuria has been proved to be a marker of hypertensive renal disease in early stage. Tight blood pressure control can reduce proteinuria and delay the progression of renal disease. In this paper, we reviewed the morbidity, risk factors, interaction, and therapy of these two diseases.