Objective To analyze the function of islet β cells in population who had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or impaired glucose regulation (IGR) with hyperinsulinemia(HINS). Methods A total of 634 adults diagnosed as NGT or IGR with HINS by 75g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) were included for the analysis of the islet β cells function. Results In HINS group, homeostasis model insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR), ?I120/?G120, the first and second phase insulin secretion index were significantly higher than those in non-HINS group of non-diabetic population(P＜0.05), but insulin sensitive index(ISI)-Stumvoll and HOMA beta cells function index/insulin resistance(HBCI/IR) were significantly lower(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in ?I120/?G120/IR between the two groups(P＞0.05). In IGR with HINS group, HBCI, HBCI/IR, and the first and second phase insulin secretion index were significantly lower than those in NGT with HINS group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in HOMA-IR and ISI-Stumvoll between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusions Although the absolute insulin secretion is increasing in the NGT or IGR population with HINS, the islet ? cells function decreases gradually. NGT or IGR with HINS are the transition state in the progress of diabetes mellitus, and the early detection and interference are strongly recommended.