Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have multiple physical impairments and a higher risk of falls than the healthy elderly people. Type 2 diabetes mellitus can induce muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, decreased tendon strength, central and peripheral neuropathy, vestibular dysfunction, optic neuropathy and retinopathy, further affecting the patient′s balance, coordination and proprioception that lead to gait instability and eventually increasing risk of fall. This paper reviews the triggering factors of falls and the exercise rehabilitation prevention in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, adding new perspectives to fall prevention in them.