The incidence of Alzheimer′s disease (AD) increases with the aging of population, posing a great threat to the health of the elderly and becoming a major global public health problem. Therefore, active exploration of its pathogenesis is of great significance to its early screening, prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the research progress in the AD-related pathogenesis in recent years, and it is believed that age is the most important risk factor for the development of AD and that factors such as β-amyloid deposition and high tau phosphorylation, gene mutation, inflammation, microangiopathy, metabolic disorders, and cholinergic system damage constitute the important pathogenesis of AD.