Patients with chronic diseases are prone to self-regulatory fatigue due to a large consumption of self-control resources because of the long-term adherence to treatment, medication, rehabilitation and behavioral changes. The occurrence of self-regulatory fatigue affects the health-related behaviors of patients with chronic diseases, then affecting their physical and mental health. This paper reviews the status quo of research, measurement tools, influencing factors and intervening methods of self-regulatory fatigue in a view to strengthen the understanding of self-regulatory fatigue in the medical professionals and patients with chronic diseases and to provide a reference basis for further research.