Histological type is an important factor affecting survival in the malignant tumors of the parotid gland, and that the biological behaviors and clinical characteristics of the tumors change with different histological types. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is rare but highly malignant. Approximately 40% of the squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is clinically transferred from the skin to the parotid rather than originate from the parotid tissue. At present, clinical research on the clinical characteristics and treatment of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is at the primary stage. This article systematically reviews the biological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland.