Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common disease that affects patients′ quality of life and work productivity and increases risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is currently the first-line treatment for medium and severe OSAHS with positive effects in relieving symptoms such as snoring and daytime sleepiness and reducing the risk of complications such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. Clinically, however, it is difficult for some patients to undergo long-term treatment due to poor compliance, resulting in unsatisfactory efficacy and disease control. Therefore, compliance has become an important issue in CPAP therapy. Factors affecting compliance with CPAP are large in number and differ greatly among individuals, with common ones including patient′s general conditions (e.g., gender, age, race, education, smoking status), illness, psychological factors, and CPAP side effects. Intervening measures such as enhancing education in CPAP use, modifying patient′s cognitive behaviors, applying telemedicine monitoring, and reducing CPAP side effects are important in improving compliance with CPAP in OSAHS.