Cognitive frailty (CF) is a state of impairment with reduced cognitive reserve, which is reversible. Some studies have reported that CF may be an important target to prevent adverse outcomes such as dependence on care for the elderly in the community. Understanding the relevant influencing factors, pathophysiological mechanisms and prevention measures of CF among the elderly in the community will help prevent and delay the occurrence of CF, reduce nursing dependence, improve the quality of life in the elderly and caregivers, delay admission to long-term care institutions or reduce the time of admission to acute hospital nursing units, and reduce the social burden at the same time.