Objective To investigate the psychological status and related influencing factors of the staffs working in Yantai medical care institutions for the elderly in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Methods General information questionnaire, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were sent to the staffs in elderly medical care institutions of Yantai city through Wechat APP to investigate their psychological status. And the influencing factors of depression and anxiety were analyzed. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data analysis. Nonparametric test was employed for comparison between groups. Logistic stepwise regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk factors of anxiety or depression. Results Among the participants, 15 cases (6.4%) had anxiety, including 10 cases of mild, 4 cases of moderate and 1 case of severe anxiety. There were 37 cases (15.8%) with depression, including 23 of mild, 13 of moderate and 1 of severe depression. There was no significant differences in the scores of SAS and SDS among the staffs with different genders, educational levels, professional titles and occupations (P>0.05). While, age, working years, marital status and depression severity had obvious effects on SAS score (P<0.05); so were age, marital status and anxiety severity on SDS score (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that depression was the independent influencing factor of anxiety (B=3.435, OR=31.040; P<0.001), anxiety was the independent influencing factor of depression (B=3.269, OR=26.272; P<0.001), while gender, age, educational level, marital status, professional title, occupation, and working years had no relation with anxiety and depression (P>0.05). Conclusion Among the staffs of the elderly care institutions, anxiety and depression interacted each other. Early and appropriate psychological intervention should be given to them.