Objective To observe anxiety and depression of the patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Included in the study were a total of 225 patients with CKD, who were hospitalized in the Geriatric Department of the People′s Hospital of Jiangsu Province from June 2018 to April 2019. Chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration formula was used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) were used to evaluate the patients. Data were processed using SPSS statistics 23.0. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to screen for independent risk factors. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to study the correlation between indicators. Results According to HARS score, the patients were divided into non-anxiety (NA; n=95), mild-anxiety (MA; n=110), and moderate-to-severe anxiety (MSA; n=20) groups; and according to the HDRS score, into non-depression (ND; n=72), mild-depression (MD; n=119) and moderate-to-severe depression (MSD; n=34) groups. The risk factors for anxiety and depression in the CKD patients included lower eGFR (anxiety:OR=1.35,5%CI 1.04-1.76; depression:OR=1.93,5%CI 1.40-2.66) and aging (anxiety:OR=1.04,5%CI 1.02-1.76; depression:OR=1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.05) (P<0.05). A marked positive correlation was observed between anxiety score and depression score (r=0.694,P<0.001). Conclusion Decreased renal function and aging are independent risk factors for anxiety and depression in CKD patients. With the decline of renal function and aging, the incidence of anxiety and depression at various levels increases obviously.