Objective To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate(HoLEP)for benign prostatic hyperplasia and observe its safety.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia admitted in our department from February 2015 to December 2016. According to their surgical treatment, they were divided into HoLEP group and transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) group, with 50 patients in each group. The general situations of the 2 groups of patients were observed preoperatively and intraoperatively, the incidence of complications and postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum flow fate (Qmax) and improvement of quality of life were studied and compared between the 2 groups. SPSS statistics 11.5 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Student’s t test and Chi-square test were adopted for the comparison between the 2 groups. Results There were no significant differences in age, Qmax, IPSS and postvoidurine residual (PVUR) volume between the 2 groups (P>0.05).The patients of the HoLEP group had shorter operation time[(52.13±5.78) vs (60.48±6.57)min], less volume of intraoperative blood loss[(78.22±7.83) vs (98.24±9.12)ml], larger amount of prostate tissue resected[(39.15±5.53) vs (30.26±4.68)g], and greatly improved Qmax and quality of life, when compared with those of the TURP group (P<0.05). The incidence rate of complications was 16%(8/50) in the TURP group, and 4%(2/50) in the HoLEP group, with significant difference between them (P=0.046). Conclusion HoLEP has good curative effectiveness for benign prostatic hyperplasia, and it can significantly reduce IPSS and improve the quality of life of patients.