Objective To investigate the relationship of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) with glucose control in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to analyze the related risk factors. Methods A total of 142 T2DM patients who received con-tinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the Geriatric Department of Xijing Hospital from March 2010 to December 2016 were recruited in the study. The patients were divided into DKD group (n=54) and non-DKD group (n=88). The general clinical data, and laboratory indices and CGM data of the subjects were collected. The relationship between DKD and glucose control and the effect of risk factors were analyzed. SPSS statistics 19.0 was used to analyze the data. Student’s t test, non-parametric test or Chi-square test was employed for the comparison between groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis was adopted for the correlation of 2 variables, and stepwise binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results Compared with the patients of the non-DKD group, those in DKD group were older, and had longer duration of DM, higher ratio of hypertension, lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lower utilization ratio of guanidine, higher glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, larger percentage of 24-hour hyperglycemia fluctuation time, larger area under hyperglycemic curve (AUC), higher postprandial 2-hour blood glucose (2h-PBG) and 24-hour mean blood glucose (24h-MBG) (all P<0.05). They also had higher levels of cystatin C (CysC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr), but obviously lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) than the patients of the non-DKD group (P<0.001). Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that DKD was positively correlated with age, duration of the disease, hypertension history, HbA1c level, percentage of hyperglycemia fluctuation time, AUC of hyperglycemia, 24h-MBG and 2h-PBG, while negatively correlated with HDL-C (r=-0.205, P=0.014). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age (OR=1.048, 95%CI 1.022-1.074, P=0.000) and HbA1c (OR=1.569,5%CI 1.212-2.031, P=0.001) had positive correlation with DKD. Conclusion HbA1c is a major risk factor of DKD in T2DM patients, and the occurrence of DKD is not associated with glucose fluctuation.