Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of the glass fiber post and metal post in anterior teeth restoration in the elderly. Methods A total of 78 elderly patients (104 teeth) with anterior dental defects admitted in Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2011 to June 2013 were enrolled in this study. The 104 teeth were randomly divided into glass fiber post group (n＝52) and metal post group (n＝52). Then, the 78 patients were accordingly assigned into glass fiber post group (n＝39) and metal post group (n＝39). Their clinical data were collected in 6 months, 1 and 2 years during follow-up to conduct comparative analyses on the prognosis of the 2 groups. Results In 2 years of follow-up, the glass fiber post group had significantly higher success rate than the metal post group (96.15% vs 80.77%, P＜0.05), and the patients of the metal post group had significantly higher occurrence of complications than those of the other group (19.2% vs 3.8%, P＜0.05). After 6 months’ follow-up, the patients receiving glass fiber post group were significantly more satisfied with prosthesis than those receiving metal post (97.43% vs 82.05%, P＜0.05). Conclusion Glass fiber post not only is easy to operate, but also has better aesthetics, biocompatibility and clinical restorative effects compared with metal post.