Objective To investigate the relative risk factors of cerebral infarction in the patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Methods A retrospective case-control study was carried out on all the consecutive in-patients diagnosed with eosinophilia in the Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from March 2005 to March 2015. Their clinical data and follow-up information were collected. Disease course, laboratory results, radiological results, and treatment recordings were analyzed for their correlation with the occurrence of cerebral infarction. Results A total of 120 HES patients were enrolled in this study, and 8 of them (6 males and 2 females) suffered from acute cerebral infarction, with an incidence of 6.7%. Laboratory examination indicated that the serum levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme and troponin T were obviously higher in those with acute cerebral infarction than those without (P＜0.05). Conclusion HES patients are at high risk of cerebral infarction, which might be due to the impairment and necrosis of endocardium and myocardium, thrombogenesis, and embolism.