Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction is an important factor resulting in systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and even multiple organ failure. So it is of great significance to assess intestinal mucosal lesion and make early effective intervention. Therefore, more efforts should be taken to study how to evaluate intestinal mucosal barrier function. In this paper, we reviewed some common indices indicating intestinal mucosal barrier function (fatty acid binding protein, citrulline and D-lactic acid), and the involved methods in clinical practice.