Abstract:Traditionally, vitamin D is regarded as an important hormone which is involved in the metabolism of calcium and phosphate, and mineralization of bone. A growing number of evidences indicate that vitamin D receptors are present in a large variety types of cells, and vitamin D is associated with many diseases closely, among which the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular (CV) diseases has gained increasingly more attention. Vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect the CV system, including increasing levels of parathyroid hormone, activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and increasing insulin resistance, thus lead to hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, metabolic syndrome, and general inflammation, then eventually cause atherosclerosis and CV events. In this paper, we reviewed the clinical evidences that vitamin D deficiency is associated with incidence of CV events, as well as evidences that vitamin D supplementation is associated with reduction in CV diseases.