Objective To determine the role of plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) in evaluating the therapeutic effects on acutely decompensated heart failure by analyzing the correlation of non-invasive function parameters, including NT-proBNP, left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDd), with invasive hemodynamic parameters. Methods Totally 32 acutely decompensated chronic heart failure patients with NYHA Ⅲ～Ⅳ, LVEF＜40%, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP)≥13 mmHg, were enrolled. NT-proBNP, LVEF and LVEDd were detected within 8 hours before implanting Swan-Ganz catheter. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure(MPAP), PCWP, systemic vascular resistance index(SVRI) and cardiac index(CI) were recorded repeatedly for three times in the process of Swan-Ganz catheter performance. And the mean values were obtained. Linear correlation analysis was performed to determine the association of NT-proBNP, LVEF and LVEDd with invasive hemodynamic parameters. Results LVEF and LVEDd were not correlated with invasive hemodynamic parameters(CI and PCWP). NT-proBNP was correlated with CI significantly(r = ?0.356, P＜0.05) instead of PCWP. The invasive hemodynamic parameters, including MPAP, PCWP, and SVRI were all correlated with CI(r = ?0.358, ?0.309 and ?0.576 respectively, P＜0.05). MPAP was correlated with PCWP(r = ?0.822, P＜0.05). No correlation was found between the other invasive heart function parameters(P＞0.05). Conclusions For the acutely decompensated heart failure patients, NT-proBNP is correlated with CI closely. NT-proBNP could play an important role in monitoring the hemodynamics.