Objective To compare the efficiency and safety of intracoronary peripheral blood stem cells(PBSC) transplantation between aged patients and non-aged patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction(MI). Methods Twenty-five patients with heart failure after MI were divided into aged group(≥60 years, n=13) and non-aged group(<60 years, n= 12)to receive intracoronary PBSC transplantation(PBSCT) following bone marrow cells mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The clinical data,coronary lesion characteristics, side effects,left ventricular shape and cardiac function between two groups were compared. Results Six months after PBSCT, the left ventricular ejection fraction and 6 min walk test distance increased significantly and left ventricular diastolic diameter decreased obviously. The area of myocardial perfusion decreased obviously in both groups. There were no significant differences between two groups in the above parameters change. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that autologous intracoronary PBSCT is safe and feasible for elderly patients with heart failure after MI, and the left ventricular function of the patients is significantly improved.The results have no significant difference between aged group and non-aged group.